Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) and Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) are both hormones with gonadotropic activity, but there are important differences between them. Here are the key distinctions:
Source:
HCG: HCG is a hormone naturally produced by the placenta during pregnancy in humans. It is also produced in smaller amounts by some tumors. Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce synthetic HCG.
PMSG: PMSG is derived from the blood serum of pregnant mares, specifically from their pituitary glands. It is obtained through extraction and purification processes.
Composition:
HCG: HCG consists of two subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is identical to other pituitary glycoprotein hormones (e.g., LH, FSH, TSH), while the beta subunit is unique to HCG.
PMSG: PMSG is a complex mixture of hormones, including Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG), which is the primary active component. ECG has structural similarities to FSH and LH.
Biological Activity:
HCG: HCG has LH-like activity, meaning it can bind to LH receptors and stimulate the production of sex hormones (such as testosterone) and promote ovulation.
PMSG: PMSG primarily acts as an FSH analog, stimulating follicular development and the growth of multiple ovarian follicles. It also has some LH-like activity.
Applications:
HCG: In human medicine, HCG is used to induce ovulation in assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). It can also be used to treat certain hormonal disorders and as a marker for pregnancy tests. In veterinary medicine, HCG may have applications for reproductive management in animals.
PMSG: It is commonly used in veterinary medicine for superovulation protocols, particularly in livestock breeding programs. It stimulates the growth and maturation of multiple ovarian follicles, leading to increased ovulation rates and the production of multiple offspring. PMSG is used in various species, including cattle, sheep, and pigs.
It's important to note that the specific applications and regulatory approvals of HCG and PMSG may vary between countries and regions. Additionally, there may be different commercial preparations and formulations available for each hormone, depending on the intended use and regulatory guidelines.