Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone produced by the embryo during the early stages of pregnancy. It plays a vital role in female fertility by supporting implantation, ovulation, and embryo development. Because of its unique functions, HCG is widely used in both natural pregnancy processes and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as IVF.
Below are the main ways HCG helps fertility:
1. Promoting Luteal Function
One of the most important roles of HCG is to support the corpus luteum, a structure formed after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining early pregnancy. Progesterone thickens the uterine lining, creating a supportive environment for the fertilized egg to implant and grow. Without adequate progesterone, implantation may fail, leading to early miscarriage. HCG stimulates the corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone, ensuring a stable intrauterine environment during early pregnancy.
2. Promoting Follicular Development and Ovulation
In fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or ovulation induction therapy, HCG is commonly used as a trigger shot to induce ovulation. By mimicking the natural luteinising hormone (LH) surge, HCG causes a mature follicle to rupture and release an egg. This is crucial for women with ovulation disorders or poor ovarian function, as it improves the chances of releasing a viable egg for fertilisation.
3. Maintaining Embryo Development
During the early stages of pregnancy, HCG supports embryo survival by maintaining progesterone secretion until the placenta is fully developed and able to produce hormones independently. This transitional support is critical for normal embryo growth and development, making HCG a key regulator in early pregnancy.
4. Clinical Applications of HCG in Fertility
In medical practice, HCG injections are widely used to support fertility treatments such as IVF and artificial insemination. By providing precise ovulation timing, HCG increases the likelihood of successful conception. Additionally, HCG is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. Its levels rise rapidly in early pregnancy, making it a reliable biomarker for confirming conception.
Conclusion
The role of HCG in fertility is indispensable. From supporting the luteal phase and promoting ovulation to ensuring embryo development and aiding assisted reproduction, HCG plays a central role in helping women conceive and maintain pregnancy.
For couples struggling with infertility, HCG-based treatments such as injections or ovulation induction can provide effective solutions, increasing the chances of successful conception and healthy pregnancy.